Bioinformatics and Biomedical Research Journal

Potential of Long-Jawed Mackerel (Rastrelliger) Oil as the Source of Cholecalciferol and Omega-3 to Minimize the Risk of Psoriasis

2024-02-13T03:20:06+00:00

The impact of psoriasis extends beyond skin inflammation and can significantly impact the patients' mental health. Fish oil is considered an alternative to combat chronic dermatitis, mainly due to its omega-3 fatty acid and cholecalciferol contents. Long-jawed mackerel (Rastrelliger), an abundant fish in Indonesian waters, is recognized for its high omega-3 and cholecalciferol that competes with commercial and other local fish species. This study aims to analyze the nutritional content in Rastrelliger fish oil as an alternative for controlling psoriasis. This study also used the wet rendering method to compare fish oil from silver catfish and skipjack tuna. The three samples were analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify their Omega-3 and cholecalciferol contents. This process yielded 51 grams of oil from 292 grams of Rastrelliger fish. Rastrelliger's fat content was 1.83±0.03%, with a water content of 70.06±1.87%. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of alkenes, carboxyl, methyl, and methylene groups, which are functional groups of Omega-3 fatty acids. The content in 100 grams of Rastrelliger fish was 2.2 grams of Omega-3 and 2.04 mcg of cholecalciferol. There is potential for controlling psoriasis, as the need for Omega-3 and cholecalciferol can be met. In conclusion, Rastrelliger fish oil demonstrates promising potential as a treatment measure for the autoimmune disease psoriasis.

Molecular Docking Study on Ciplukan Fruit (Physalis Angulata L) Using Receptor AChE for Anti-Alzheimer Agents

2024-02-13T03:19:31+00:00

Neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's, have become a global problem with an ever-increasing number of patients, as many as 46 million people worldwide. Alzheimer's is a multifactorial disease, so it has several treatment approaches, such as controlling acetylcholine levels with acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors. The application of chemical drugs is used for healing therapy but can cause side effects. Therefore, using active constituents derived from plants is tested as a potential drug in neurodegenerative disease therapy. The reasons for choosing herbal medicines are the availability of materials, more economical prices, and low toxic effects. Ciplukan fruit (Physalis angulata L) contains polyphenolic compounds from the flavonoid class, which can reduce oxidative stress and have the potential to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease. Molecular docking simulation was performed with AChE (PDB ID: 4EY7) and receptors based on target proteins for Alzheimer's treatment. The in silico testing phase begins with receptor preparation using the Molegro Molecular Viewer 2.5 application, method validation using the AutoDockTools 1.5.6 application, ligand preparation using the Marvin Sketch application and Lipinski screening, ligand binding to the receptor using the AutoDockTools 1.5.6 application, analysis and visualization of docking results using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. The results showed that the compounds Ergost-5-en-3-ol with a value of -12.85 kcal mol and 1-dehydrohydrocortisone with a value of -10.23 kcal/mol from Ciplukan Fruits (Physalis angulata L) have potential as drug candidates with AChE enzyme inhibition mechanism.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with the Eichhornia crassipes Extract as a Receptor, ErB-2 Inhibitor in Breast Cancer: An in Silico Study

2024-02-13T03:21:42+00:00

In 2020, Indonesia had a total of 65.858 new breast cancer cases and the mortality rate reached 17 per 100,000 population in 2021. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 or Receptor, ErB-2 is a protein that is often used as a target for developing breast cancer drugs. Nowadays, an alternative drug from natural compounds has been developed to overcome the dangerous effect of the chemical drugs, for example by using Eichhornia extract. Due to its low solubility in water and bioavailability, it can be modified by a nanostructured lipid carrier as a sender. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds in Eichhornia extract that can potentially act as Receptor, ErB-2 inhibitors when encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers. However, a nanostructured lipid carrier was constructed by encapsulating Eichhornia extract in vitro. According to the results of molecular docking simulations, luteolin, 2-hydroxy-8-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-phenalene-1-one, and 2-hydroxy-8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenalen-1-one have the highest bond energies and exceed the bond energy of the native ligand. The characterization test showed that the manufacturer’s nanostructured lipid carriers had an average size of 471.3 nm, a PDI of 0.507, a pH of 6.20, and a viscosity of 0.896 mPa·S. This nanostructured lipid carrier prototype has been successfully synthesized and nearly met the nanodrug characteristics. This present study could give a new insight in developing drug delivery that alleviate the harmful side effects of cancer chemotherapy.

Insights Into The Carcinogenic Effect of Key Skin Care Ingredients Leading To Breast Cancer: An In-Silico Study

2023-03-07T02:43:35+00:00

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among all others, prevalent in terms of incidence rates. There is malignancy risk associated with many common skincare ingredients. This study elucidated possible hub genes related to breast cancer provoked by the effect of various chemicals in skin care formulations which were screened through literature. Aluminum chloride, Aluminum chlorohydrate, Dibutyl phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Di-2- Ethylhexyl phthalate, Methylparaben, propylparaben, Triclosan, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) are the 10 chemicals investigated. Xenoestrogens mimic estrogen and interfere with the endocrine system and can disrupt natural hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, and binding. Pathway enrichment of the genes indicated key pathways that are mostly altered in Breast Cancer. One of the most significant pathways common to almost 7 chemicals is Endocrine disruption validating its xenoestrogenic effect while other 3 alter different pathways inducing carcinogenic effect. Taken together, the identification of hub genes, pathway enrichment and literature evidence helped to build a correlation between the chemicals and breast cancer. Further analysis of docking studies revealed that AKT1 for aluminum chloride, ESR1 for aluminum chlorohydrate and Dibutyl phthalate, PTGS2 and AR for diethyl phthalate, AKT1 for di-2-Ethylhexyl phthalate, PGR for methylparaben, AR and PGR for propylparaben, MMP9 for triclosan and CHEK1 for both decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane has shown greater binding affinity highlighting the significance of these proteins and the potential carcinogenic effect of the skin care ingredients under investigation in this study leading to breast cancer.

IN VITRO TEST OF COMBINATION OF LEAF EXTRACTS AND BARK OF Xylocarpus granatum AS ANTISEPTIC CANDIDATES

2023-01-13T01:57:36+00:00

Antiseptics can be made from plant extracts that are antibacterial. Parts of leaves and bark Xylocarpus granatum contains antibacterial compounds such assaponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloid, so that it can be developed as a natural antiseptic candidate. This experimental study aims to analyze the activity of a combination of leaf and bark extracts X. granatum against several test bacteria in vitro. The plan uses a post-test only with control group design with a combination treatment of leaf ethanol extract (L) and bark (B) X. granatum 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (1:1 ratio) and 70% alcohol control. The dilution method was used to observe the activity of the extract with antiseptic control on the number of test bacterial colonies. Comparison of the effect as an antiseptic was analyzed using Duncan's ANOVA and post-hoc tests with a confidence level of 95%. L+B combination extract X. granatum produce significantly different inhibitory effects on the colonization of test bacteria; number of colonies S.aureus and S.epidermidis relatively less than E.coli, P.aeruginosa, S.typhi. L+B Extract X. granatum 100% produces an effect equivalent to 70% alcohol on all test bacteria, thus acting as an antiseptic candidate. in conclusion,a combination of leaf and stem bark extracts X. granatum has activity as an antiseptic against some test bacteria.